Explainer / Word studies
κύριος
The Name in quotations
Lord → Yehovah
Why this word
POLICY (Dirk): restore Yehovah only where the NT quotes a Tanakh passage whose Masoretic Hebrew has the Name at that point. Where the Hebrew lacks it (LXX vocatives, paraphrases, MT 'our God'), keep 'Lord' — e.g. Heb 1:10, Rom 10:16, 11:3, 1 Pet 1:25. All other kurios: ASV 'Lord/master/sir'.
- Matthew 3:3
the LordYehovahFor this is he who was spoken of through Isaiah the prophet, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make ready the way of Yehovah, Make his paths straight.
Why
Quotes Isa 40:3, where the Hebrew reads דֶּרֶךְ יְהוָה, 'the way of Yehovah'. Rendered Yehovah.
- Matthew 4:7
the LordYehovahYeshua said to him, Again it is written, You shall not make trial of Yehovah your God.
Why
Source: Deut 6:16. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Matthew 4:10
the LordYehovahThen says Yeshua to him, Go away, Satan: for it is written, You shall worship Yehovah your God, and him only shall you serve.
Why
Source: Deut 6:13. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Matthew 21:9
the LordYehovahAnd the multitudes that went before him, and that followed, cried, saying, Hosanna to the son of David: Blessed is he who comes in the name of Yehovah; Hosanna in the highest.
Why
Source: Ps 118:26. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Matthew 21:42
the LordYehovahYeshua says to them, Did you never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, The same was made the head of the corner; This was from Yehovah, And it is marvelous in our eyes?
Why
Source: Ps 118:23. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Matthew 22:37
the LordYehovahAnd he said to him, You shall love Yehovah your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind.
Why
Source: Deut 6:5. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Matthew 22:44
The Lord said to my LordYehovah said to my lordYehovah said to my lord, Sit on my right hand, Until I put your enemies underneath your feet?
Why
Quotes Ps 110:1, נְאֻם יְהוָה לַאדֹנִי. The first 'Lord' is the Name, rendered Yehovah; the second is אֲדֹנִי, 'my lord', the form used of human superiors, rendered lowercase. The Greek uses κύριος for both.
- Matthew 23:39
the LordYehovahFor I say to you, You shall not see me from now on, until you say, Blessed is he who comes in the name of Yehovah.
Why
Source: Ps 118:26. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Matthew 27:10
the LordYehovahand they gave them for the potter’s field, as Yehovah directed me.
Why
Source: Zech 11:13 / Exod 9:12 formula. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Mark 1:3
the LordYehovahThe voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make ready the way of Yehovah, Make his paths straight;
Why
Quotes Isa 40:3, where the Hebrew reads דֶּרֶךְ יְהוָה, 'the way of Yehovah'. Rendered Yehovah.
- Mark 11:9
the LordYehovahAnd those who went before, and those who followed, cried, Hosanna; Blessed is he who comes in the name of Yehovah:
Why
Source: Ps 118:26. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Mark 12:11
the LordYehovahThis was from Yehovah, And it is marvelous in our eyes?
Why
Source: Ps 118:23. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Mark 12:29
The Lord our God, the LordYehovah our God, YehovahYeshua answered, The first is, Hear, O Israel; Yehovah our God, Yehovah is one:
Why
Quotes Deut 6:4, where the Hebrew has the Name twice. Rendered Yehovah; Deut 6:4 uses the same wording in this version.
- Mark 12:30
the LordYehovahand you shall love Yehovah your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength.
Why
Source: Deut 6:5. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Mark 12:36
The Lord said to my LordYehovah said to my lordDavid himself said in the Holy Spirit, Yehovah said to my lord, Sit on my right hand, Till I make your enemies the footstool of your feet.
Why
Source: Ps 110:1. See Matt 22:44.
- Luke 3:4
the LordYehovahas it is written in the book of the words of Isaiah the prophet, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make ready the way of Yehovah, Make his paths straight.
Why
Quotes Isa 40:3, where the Hebrew reads דֶּרֶךְ יְהוָה, 'the way of Yehovah'. Rendered Yehovah.
- Luke 4:8
the LordYehovahAnd Yeshua answered and said to him, It is written, You shall worship Yehovah your God, and him only shall you serve.
Why
Source: Deut 6:13. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Luke 4:12
the LordYehovahAnd Yeshua answering said to him, It is said, You shall not make trial of Yehovah your God.
Why
Source: Deut 6:16. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Luke 4:18
the LordYehovahThe Spirit of Yehovah is upon me, Because he anointed me to preach good tidings to the poor: He has sent me to proclaim release to the captives, And recovering of sight to the blind, To set at liberty those who are bruised,
Why
Source: Isa 61:1 ruach Adonai YHWH. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Luke 4:19
the LordYehovahTo proclaim the acceptable year of Yehovah.
Why
Source: Isa 61:2. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Luke 10:27
the LordYehovahAnd he answering said, You shall love Yehovah your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbor as yourself.
Why
Source: Deut 6:5. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Luke 13:35
the LordYehovahBehold, your house is left to you desolate: and I say to you, You shall not see me, until you shall say, Blessed is he who comes in the name of Yehovah.
Why
Source: Ps 118:26. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Luke 19:38
the LordYehovahsaying, Blessed is the King who comes in the name of Yehovah: peace in heaven, and glory in the highest.
Why
Source: Ps 118:26. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Luke 20:37
the LordYehovahBut that the dead are raised, even Moses showed, in the place concerning the Bush, when he calls Yehovah the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.
Why
Source: Exod 3:6, 3:15. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Luke 20:42
The Lord said to my LordYehovah said to my lordFor David himself says in the book of Psalms, Yehovah said to my lord, Sit on my right hand,
Why
Source: Ps 110:1. See Matt 22:44.
- John 1:23
the LordYehovahHe said, I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make straight the way of Yehovah, as Isaiah the prophet said.
Why
Quotes Isa 40:3, where the Hebrew reads דֶּרֶךְ יְהוָה, 'the way of Yehovah'. Rendered Yehovah.
- John 12:13
the LordYehovahtook the branches of the palm trees, and went out to meet him, and cried out, Hosanna: Blessed is he who comes in the name of Yehovah, even the King of Israel.
Why
Source: Ps 118:26. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- John 12:38
the LordYehovahthat the word of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spoke, Lord, who has believed our report? And to whom has the arm of Yehovah been revealed?
Why
Quotes Isa 53:1. The opening 'Lord,' is in the Septuagint but not the Hebrew, so it is kept; 'the arm of Yehovah' follows the Hebrew.
- Acts 2:20
the LordYehovahThe sun shall be turned into darkness, And the moon into blood, Before the day of Yehovah comes, That great and notable day:
Why
Source: Joel 2:31. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Acts 2:21
the LordYehovahAnd it shall be, that whoever shall call on the name of Yehovah shall be saved.
Why
Source: Joel 2:32. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Acts 2:25
the LordYehovahFor David says concerning him, I saw Yehovah always before my face; For he is on my right hand, that I should not be moved:
Why
Source: Ps 16:8. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Acts 2:34
The Lord said to my LordYehovah said to my lordFor David did not ascend into the heavens: but he says himself, Yehovah said to my lord, Sit on my right hand,
Why
Source: Ps 110:1. See Matt 22:44.
- Acts 3:22
the LordYehovahMoses indeed said, A prophet shall Yehovah God raise up to you from among your brothers, like me; to him shall you listen in all things whatever he shall speak to you.
Why
Source: Deut 18:15. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Acts 4:26
the LordYehovahThe kings of the earth set themselves in array, And the rulers were gathered together, Against Yehovah, and against his Anointed:
Why
Quotes Ps 2:2, where the Hebrew has the Name. Rendered Yehovah.
- Acts 7:49
the LordYehovahThe heaven is my throne, And the earth the footstool of my feet: What manner of house will you build me? says Yehovah: Or what is the place of my rest?
Why
Source: Isa 66:1. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Acts 15:17unchanged
That the rest of mankind may seek after the Lord, And all the Gentiles, upon whom my name is called,
Why
Source: Amos 9:12 (LXX). 'seek after the Lord' is LXX; MT reads 'possess the remnant of Edom' — no Name. Kept 'Lord'.
- Acts 15:18
the LordYehovahSays Yehovah, who makes these things known from of old.
Why
Quotes Amos 9:12, where the Hebrew has נְאֻם יְהוָה. Rendered Yehovah. The SBLGNT numbers this phrase 15:17; the ASV 15:18.
- Romans 4:8
the LordYehovahBlessed is the man to whom Yehovah will not reckon sin.
Why
Source: Ps 32:2. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Romans 9:28
the LordYehovahfor Yehovah will execute his word upon the earth, finishing it and cutting it short.
Why
Source: Isa 10:23 Adonai YHWH tsevaot. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Romans 9:29
the Lord of SabaothYehovah of hostsAnd, as Isaiah has said before, Unless Yehovah of hosts had left us a seed, We would have become as Sodom, and would have been made like Gomorrah.
Why
Source: Isa 1:9 YHWH tsevaot. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Romans 10:13
the LordYehovahfor, Whoever shall call upon the name of Yehovah shall be saved.
Why
Quotes Joel 2:32, where the Hebrew reads 'the name of Yehovah'. Rendered Yehovah.
- Romans 10:16unchanged
But they did not all hearken to the glad tidings. For Isaiah says, Lord, who has believed our report?
Why
Source: Isa 53:1 (LXX vocative). Vocative 'Lord' is LXX, not in MT — kept.
- Romans 11:3unchanged
Lord, they have killed your prophets, they have dug down your altars; and I am left alone, and they seek my life.
Why
Source: 1 Kgs 19:10 (vocative added). Vocative not in MT — kept 'Lord'.
- Romans 11:34
the LordYehovahFor who has known the mind of Yehovah? or who has been his counselor?
Why
Source: Isa 40:13 ruach YHWH. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Romans 12:19
the LordYehovahDo not avenge yourselves, beloved, but give place to the wrath of God: for it is written, Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay, says Yehovah.
Why
Quotes Deut 32:35, spoken by Yehovah. Rendered Yehovah.
- Romans 14:11
the LordYehovahFor it is written, As I live, says Yehovah, to me every knee shall bow, And every tongue shall confess to God.
Why
Quotes Isa 49:18 and 45:23; the Hebrew has the Name. Rendered Yehovah.
- Romans 15:11
the LordYehovahAnd again, Praise Yehovah, all you Gentiles; And let all the peoples praise him.
Why
Source: Ps 117:1. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- 1 Corinthians 1:31unchanged
that, just as it is written, He who glories, let him glory in the Lord.
Why
Source: Jer 9:24 paraphrase. Paul's summary of Jer 9:23-24; in context (1:30) may point to Messiah. Kept 'Lord'; note Jer's YHWH.
- 1 Corinthians 2:16
the LordYehovahFor who has known the mind of Yehovah, that he should instruct him? But we have the mind of Messiah.
Why
Quotes Isa 40:13, where the Hebrew has the Name (רוּחַ יְהוָה). Rendered Yehovah.
- 1 Corinthians 3:20
The LordYehovahand again, Yehovah knows the reasonings of the wise, that they are vain.
Why
Source: Ps 94:11. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- 1 Corinthians 10:26
the LordYehovahfor the earth is Yehovah’s, and its fullness.
Why
Source: Ps 24:1. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- 1 Corinthians 14:21
the LordYehovahIn the Torah it is written, By men of strange tongues and by the lips of strangers I will speak to this people; and not even thus will they hear me, says Yehovah.
Why
Quotes Isa 28:11-12. 'Says Yehovah' follows the Isaiah passage, which is the word of Yehovah (28:13).
- 2 Corinthians 6:17
the LordYehovahTherefore Come out from among them, and be separate, says Yehovah, And touch no unclean thing; And I will receive you,
Why
Source: Isa 52:11 + Ezek 20:34. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- 2 Corinthians 6:18
the LordYehovahAnd will be to you a Father, And you shall be to me sons and daughters, says Yehovah Almighty.
Why
Source: 2 Sam 7:8 YHWH tsevaot (LXX pantokratōr). Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- 2 Corinthians 10:17unchanged
But he who glories, let him glory in the Lord.
Why
Source: Jer 9:24 paraphrase. See 1 Cor 1:31.
- 2 Timothy 2:19
The LordYehovahHowever, the firm foundation of God stands, having this seal, Yehovah knows those who are his: and, Let everyone who names the name of the Lord depart from unrighteousness.
Why
Quotes Num 16:5, where the Hebrew has the Name; rendered Yehovah. The second 'name of the Lord' is not a quotation and is kept.
- Hebrews 1:10unchanged
And, You, Lord, in the beginning laid the foundation of the earth, And the heavens are the works of your hands:
Why
Source: Ps 102:25 (LXX vocative). keep 'Lord' — the Name is not written here. The vocative kyrie is LXX; MT 102:25 has no YHWH at this point (the psalm addresses Yehovah at 102:12). Hebrews applies the passage to the Son.
- Hebrews 7:21
The LordYehovah(for they indeed have been made priests without an oath; but he with an oath by him who says of him, Yehovah swore and will not repent himself, You are a priest forever);
Why
Source: Ps 110:4. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Hebrews 8:8
the LordYehovahFor finding fault with them, he says, Behold, the days come, says Yehovah, That I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah;
Why
Source: Jer 31:31. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Hebrews 8:9
the LordYehovahNot according to the covenant that I made with their fathers In the day that I took them by the hand to lead them forth out of the land of Egypt; For they did not continue in my covenant, And I did not regard them, says Yehovah.
Why
Source: Jer 31:32. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Hebrews 8:10
the LordYehovahFor this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel After those days, says Yehovah; I will put my laws into their mind, And on their heart also I will write them: And I will be to them a God, And they shall be to me a people:
Why
Source: Jer 31:33. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Hebrews 8:11
the LordYehovahAnd they shall not teach every man his fellow-citizen, And every man his brother, saying, Know Yehovah: For all shall know me, From the least to the greatest of them.
Why
Source: Jer 31:34. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Hebrews 10:16
the LordYehovahThis is the covenant that I will make with them After those days, says Yehovah: I will put my laws on their heart, And on their mind also I will write them; then he says,
Why
Source: Jer 31:33. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Hebrews 10:30
The LordYehovahFor we know him who said, Vengeance belongs to me, I will recompense. And again, Yehovah shall judge his people.
Why
Source: Deut 32:36. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Hebrews 12:5
the LordYehovahand you have forgotten the exhortation which reasons with you as with sons, My son, do not regard lightly the chastening of Yehovah, Nor faint when you are reproved by him;
Why
Source: Prov 3:11. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Hebrews 12:6
the LordYehovahFor whom Yehovah loves he chastens, And scourges every son whom he receives.
Why
Source: Prov 3:12. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- Hebrews 13:6
The LordYehovahSo that with good courage we say, Yehovah is my helper; I will not fear: What shall man do to me?
Why
Source: Ps 118:6. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- James 5:4
the Lord of SabaothYehovah of hostsBehold, the wages of the laborers who mowed your fields, which you kept back by fraud, cries out: and the cries of those who reaped have entered into the ears of Yehovah of hosts.
Why
Source: YHWH tsevaot title. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- 1 Peter 1:25unchanged
But the word of the Lord abides forever. And this is the word of good news which was preached to you.
Why
Source: Isa 40:8. MT reads 'word of our God' (no Name) — kept 'Lord'.
- 1 Peter 2:3
the LordYehovahif you have tasted that Yehovah is gracious:
Why
Quotes Ps 34:8, where the Hebrew has the Name. Rendered Yehovah.
- 1 Peter 3:12
the Lord are upon the righteous, And his ears to their supplication: But the face of the LordYehovah are upon the righteous, And his ears to their supplication: But the face of YehovahFor the eyes of Yehovah are upon the righteous, And his ears to their supplication: But the face of Yehovah is upon those who do evil.
Why
Source: Ps 34:15-16. Hebrew has the Name — rendered Yehovah.
- 1 Peter 3:15unchanged
but sanctify in your hearts Messiah as Lord: being ready always to give an answer to every man who asks you a reason concerning the hope that is in you, yet with meekness and fear:
Why
Greek κύριον δὲ τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε, 'sanctify Messiah as Lord'. The Greek names Messiah here, so 'Lord' is kept.